Avaliação da acurácia do teste rápido para diagnóstico de Helicobacter pylori em pacientes não submetidos à terapia de erradicação prévia sujeitados á endoscopia digestiva alta / Assessment of the accuracy of the rapid test for the diagnosis of helicobacter pylori in patients that didn't undergo previous eradication therapy and who went through endoscopy

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is widely spread globally and is known to cause potentially serious diseases. Several diagnostic methods exist to identify and treat carriers of this bacterium. Serological tests for the diagnosis of infection are based on the detection of antibodies immunoglobulin G against H. pylori, a non-invasive, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform option. Objective: This research aims to ascertain the accuracy of an immunochromatographic serological test to verify the feasibility of using this method in patients who have not undergone previous eradication therapy. Methods: Rapid tests and questionnaires were applied to 53 patients that underwent upper digestive endoscopy with research for H. pylori between the period of September and October 2021. The results were compared with histopathology. Results: In the rapid tests, seven positive and 46 negative results were obtained. When compared with the gold stan­dard, the following values were described: sensitivity 54.5%, specificity 97.6%, positive predictive value 85.7%, and negative predictive value 89.1%. Conclusion: In the present study, the immunochromatographic serological tests had an accuracy close to the values found in other similar studies. Therefore, it may be concluded that the rapid serological test remains a reasonable choice for screening large populations due to its low cost and ease of application, especially in those individuals who have not undergone previous treatment.

RESUMO Contexto: A infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori apresenta-se amplamente difundida globalmente e é comprovadamente causadora de patologias potencialmente graves. Diversos métodos diagnósticos existem com o propósito de identificar e tratar os portadores dessa bactéria. Testes sorológicos para diagnóstico da infecção se baseiam na detecção de anticorpos imunoglobulina G anti-H.pylori, sendo uma opção não-invasiva, barata e de fácil realização. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa pesquisa é determinar a acurácia de um teste sorológico imunocromatográfico para verificar a viabilidade do uso desse método em pacientes que não realizaram terapia de erradicação prévia. Métodos: Foram aplicados testes rápidos e questionários em 53 participantes que realizaram endoscopia digestiva alta com pesquisa de H. pylori entre o período de setembro e outubro de 2021. Os resultados foram comparados com a histopatologia. Resultados: Foram obtidos nos testes rápidos 7 resultados positivos e 46 negativos. Ao comparar com o padrão-ouro, os seguintes valores foram descritos: Sensibilidade 54,5%, especificidade 97,6%, valor preditivo positivo 85,7% e valor preditivo negativo 89,1%. No presente estudo, os testes sorológicos imunocromatográficos tiveram acurácia próxima aos valores encontrados em outros trabalhos semelhantes. Conclusão: Sendo assim, conclui-se que o teste rápido sorológico permanece como escolha razoável para screening de grandes populações devido ao seu baixo custo e facilidade de aplicação, especialmente naqueles indivíduos que não realizaram tratamento prévio.

Improvement effects of glycyrrhizin on Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in rats and its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of glycyrrhizin （GL） on Helicobacter pylori （HP）-associated gastritis in rats and its mechanism. METHODS HP-associated gastritis rat model was induced by inoculating with 1×109 cfu/mL HP. The model rats were randomly divided into model group， positive control group （HP standard quadruple group）， GL low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （5， 20， 50 mg/kg）， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 healthy rats were selected as normal control group. Except the normal control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， the other groups were given corresponding drugs intragastrically， once a day， for 30 consecutive days. After administration， rats received 13C urea breath test， and delta-over-baseline （DOB） was recorded； the pathological and cellular morphological changes of gastric mucosa in rats were observed， and pathological scoring was performed； the levels of interleukin-8 （IL-8）， IL-1β， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， reactive oxygen species （ROS） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected in gastric mucosa of rats； mRNA expressions of high mobility group box-1 protein （HMGB1） and nuclear factor-κ-B （NF-κB）， relative expressions of nitric oxide synthases （iNOS） and HMGB1， the phosphorylation level of NF- κBp65 were also detected in rats. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， the DOB value， histopathological score of gastric mucosa， the levels of IL-8， IL-1β， TNF-α， ROS and MDA， relative expressions of HMGB1 and NF- κB mRNA， relative expressions of iNOS and HMGB1 protein and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 were all increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）； the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa in rats were incomplete in structure and decreased in the number， with an increase in cell fragments and vacuoles， and significant cell pyknosis. Compared with model group， the changes of the above indexes in GL groups and positive control group were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）； the changes in the above indicators in the GL high-dose group were more significant than GL low-dose and medium-dose groups （P＜0.05）； the pathological changes of gastric mucosal cells in rats had all improved. CONCLUSIONS GL may inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the activation of HMGB1/NF-κB pathway， thus relieving HP-induced gastric mucosal injury.

Correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal tumor in the physical examination population in Xi'an City / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) infection and its correlation with gastrointestinal tumors in the physical examination population of Xi'an city, and to provide reference for the prevention of gastrointestinal tumors in this area. Methods A total of 23 200 subjects who underwent physical examination in 25 public hospitals in Xi'an from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected as the research objects. The basic Information of the patients was derived through the Hospital Information System (HIS), and all subjects underwent 13C-breath test and gastroenterological endoscope. ArcGIS 10.6 software was used to draw a statistical map of Hp infection in Xi 'an for spatial autocorrelation analysis. Hp infection in patients with different gastrointestinal tumors was analyzed. Results In this study population, there were 10 858 cases of Hp infection , with an infection rate of 46.80% ; among them , 5 491 cases were male, with an infection rate of 46.60% , and 5,367 cases were female, with an infection rate of 47.01% , and there was no significant difference in the infection rate between genders (P>0.05). The prevalence of HP infection was higher in the 30-year-old and 20-year-old groups, 55.62% and 42.71%, respectively, and the infection rate showed a first increase and then a decreasing trend with age (χ2trend = 6201.21, 6945.22 , P2=13.49, 16.16, 17.27, 24.66, P<0.05 for all). Conclusion The distribution of Hp infection in the physical examination population of Xi'an city has the characteristics of spatial aggregation and is related to gastrointestinal tumor diseases. It is suggested to carry out Hp infection education for the population in key areas to prevent the occurrence of gastrointestinal tumor diseases.

Helicobacter pylori y enfermedades alérgicas en niños: un estudio de casos y controles

Introducción: En las dos últimas décadas, se ha explorado el rol de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en la génesis de las enfermedades alérgicas, obteniéndose datos que apoyan la idea de que podría jugar un papel importante en el desarrollo de la alergia. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre Helicobacter pylori y enfermedades alérgicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles prospectivo realizado en la Clínica "Santa Cruz" (Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela), entre junio 2022 y junio 2023, donde se compararon 65 niños con enfermedades alérgicas con 130 controles sanos, con edades entre 2 y 15 años, que acudieron a consulta ambulatoria de rutina. Fueron comparadas variables demográficas, parto por cesárea, antecedentes familiares de alergias, tiempo de lactancia materna, exposición al humo de tabaco, mascotas, obesidad, porcentaje de eosinófilos y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces con la presencia de enfermedades alérgicas como variable dependiente. Se utilizó: análisis bivariable y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Los factores asociados significativamente a enfermedades alérgicas fueron: antecedentes familiares de alergia, tiempo de lactancia materna menor a 12 meses, y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces. Fueron identificados como predictores independientes asociados a enfermedades alérgicas: antecedentes familiares de alergia (RO=2,345; IC95%: 1,245 - 4,416; p = 0,008) y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces (RO=2,072; IC95%: 1,090 - 3,939; p = 0,026). Conclusión: La presencia de antecedentes familiares de alergia y test de Helicobacter pylori positivo en heces fueron identificados como variables independientes asociadas a enfermedades alérgicas.

Introduction: In the last two decades, the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the genesis of allergic diseases has been explored, showing data supporting the idea that it could play an important role in the development of allergy. Objective: To identify the association between Helicobacter pylori and allergic diseases. Materials and methods: This was a prospective case-control study carried out at the "Santa Cruz" Clinic (Barquisimeto, Lara State, Venezuela), between June 2022 and June 2023, where 65 children with allergic diseases were compared with 130 healthy controls, aged between 2 and 15 years old, who presented for routine outpatient consultation. Demographic variables, cesarean delivery, family history of allergies, breastfeeding time, exposure to tobacco smoke, pets, obesity, percentage of eosinophils and a positive Helicobacter pylori test in feces were compared with the presence of allergic diseases as a dependent variable. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used. Results: Factors significantly associated with allergic diseases were: family history of allergy, breastfeeding time of less than 12 months, and positive Helicobacter pylori test in feces. The following were identified as independent predictors associated with allergic diseases: family history of allergy (OR=2.345; 95%CI: 1.245 - 4.416; p = 0.008) and positive Helicobacter pylori test in stool (OR=2.072; 95%CI: 1.090 - 3.939; p = 0.026). Conclusions: The presence of a family history of allergy and a positive Helicobacter pylori test in stool were identified as independent variables associated with allergic diseases.

Identification of serologically active Helicobacter pylori antigens related to alterations in serum pepsinogen levels / Identificación de antígenos de Helicobacter pylori serológicamente activos relacionados con alteraciones en los niveles de pepsinógenos en suero

Resumen El adenocarcinoma gástrico se asocia con la infección por Helicobacter pylori. La transición a un proceso de carcinogénesis está precedida por atrofia glandular, y los niveles séricos de pepsinógeno I y II (PGI y PGII) se correlacionan con este tipo de lesiones gástricas. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar posibles asociaciones de los niveles de pepsinógenos (PG) en suero en relación con la frecuencia de actividad serológica hacia antígenos de H. pylori. Se utilizaron muestras de suero de pacientes con patología gástrica asociada a H. pylori (n = 26) y de individuos asintomáticos como controles (n = 37). Los antígenos seroactivos se identificaron mediante inmunoblot utilizando un extracto proteico de H. pylori. Los títulos de anticuerpos anti-H. pylori y la concentración de PG en suero se determinaron por ELISA. De los 31 antígenos seroactivos identificados, 9 presentaron una frecuencia diferencial entre ambos grupos (116,7; 68,8; 61,9; 54,9; 45,6; 38,3; 36,5; 33,8 y 30,1 kDa) y solo 3 se relacionaron con niveles alterados de PG en suero. En el grupo control, la seropositividad del antígeno de 33,8 kDa se relacionó con un aumento de PGII, mientras que el antígeno de 68,8kDa se relacionó con valores normales de PG (PGII disminuido y PGI/PGII elevado), sugiriendo que la seropositividad a este antígeno podría ser un factor protector frente a patologías gástricas. La seropositividad del antígeno de 54,9 kDa se relacionó con valores alterados de PG indicadores de inflamación y atrofia gástrica (aumento de PGII y disminución de PGI/PGII). La identificación de alteraciones séricas en los niveles de pepsinógeno relacionadas con la seropositividad a los antígenos de 33,8; 54,9 y 68,8 kDa de H. pylori sienta un precedente para futuros estudios como posibles biomarcadores serológicos pronósticos.

Papel da biópsia da incisura angular no estadiamento da gastrite e na avaliação de risco do câncer gástrico / Role of incisura angularis biopsy in gastritis staging and risk assessment of gastric câncer

ABSTRACT Background: Gastric atrophy (GA) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are early stages in the development of gastric cancer. Evaluations are based on the Updated Sydney System, which includes a biopsy of the incisura angularis (IA), and the Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) and Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment using Intestinal Metaplasia (OLGIM) gastric cancer risk staging systems. Objective: To compare the OLGA and OLGIM classifications with and without IA biopsy. In addition, to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and pre-neoplastic changes (GA and IM) in different biopsied regions and to identify the exclusive findings of IA. Methods: Observational, prospective, descriptive, unicentric study with 350 patients without a diagnosis of gastric cancer, who underwent upper digestive endoscopy with biopsies at Gastroclínica Itajaí, from March 2020 to May 2022. The histopathological classification of gastritis followed the Updated Sydney System, and the gastric cancer risk assessment followed the OLGA and OLGIM systems. The methodology applied evaluated the scores of the OLGA and OLGIM systems with and without the assessment of the IA biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive measures (frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval). Ranks were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon tests. To analyze the relationship between the frequencies, the bilateral Fisher's exact test was used. Wilson's score with continuity correction was applied to the confidence interval. Results: The median age was 54.7 years, with 52.57% female and 47.43% male patients. The comparison between the used biopsies protocol (corpus + antrum [CA] vs corpus + antrum + incisura angularis [CAI]) and the OLGA and OLGIM stages showed a significant decrease in both staging systems when the biopsy protocol restricted to the corpus and antrum was applied (OLGA CAI vs CA; P=0.008 / OLGIM CAI vs CA; P=0.002). The prevalence of pre-malignant lesions (GA, IM and dysplasia) of the gastric mucosa was (33.4%, 34% and 1.1%, respectively) in the total sample. The antrum region exhibited significantly higher numbers of alteration (P<0.001), except for HP infection, which was present in 24.8% of the patients. Conclusion: Incisura angularis biopsy is important because it increased the number of cases diagnosed in more advanced stages of intestinal metaplasia and atrophy. The study had limitations, with the main one being the relatively small sample size, consisting mostly of healthy individuals, although mostly elderly.

RESUMO Contexto: A atrofia gástrica (AG) e a metaplasia intestinal (MI) são estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento do câncer gástrico. As avaliações são baseadas no Sistema de Sydney Atualizado, que inclui uma biópsia da incisura angular (IA), e nos sistemas de estadiamento de risco de câncer gástrico Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) e Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment using Intestinal Metaplasia (OLGIM). Objetivo: Comparar as classificações OLGA e OLGIM com e sem biópsia da IA. Além disso, determinar a prevalência de Helicobacter pylori (HP) e alterações pré-neoplásicas (AG e MI) em diferentes regiões biopsiadas e identificar os achados exclusivos da IA. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, descritivo, unicêntrico, com 350 pacientes sem diagnóstico de câncer gástrico, submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta com biópsias na Gastroclínica Itajaí, no período de março de 2020 a maio de 2022. A classificação histopatológica da gastrite seguiu o Sistema de Sydney Atualizado, e a avaliação do risco de câncer gástrico seguiu os sistemas OLGA e OLGIM. A metodologia aplicada avaliou os escores dos sistemas OLGA e OLGIM com e sem a avaliação da biópsia da IA. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de medidas descritivas (frequências, porcentagens, média, desvio padrão, intervalo de confiança de 95%). As classificações foram comparadas usando os testes de Kruskal-Wallis ou Wilcoxon. Para analisar a relação entre as frequências, foi usado o teste exato de Fisher bilateral. O escore de Wilson com correção de continuidade foi aplicado ao intervalo de confiança. Resultados: A idade média foi de 54.7 anos, com 52.57% de pacientes do sexo feminino e 47.43% do sexo masculino. A comparação entre o protocolo de biópsias utilizado (corpo + antro [CA] vs corpo + antro + incisura angular [CAI]) e os estágios OLGA e OLGIM mostrou uma diminuição significativa em ambos os sistemas de estadiamento quando o protocolo de biópsia restrito ao corpo e ao antro foi aplicado (OLGA CAI vs CA; P=0.008 / OLGIM CAI vs CA; P=0.002). A prevalência de lesões pré-malignas (GA, MI e displasia) da mucosa gástrica foi de (33.4%, 34% e 1.1%, respectivamente) na amostra total. A região do antro exibiu um número significativamente maior de alterações (P<0.001), com exceção da infecção por HP, que estava presente em 24.8% dos pacientes. Conclusão: A biópsia de IA é importante porque aumentou o número de casos diagnosticados em estágios mais avançados de MI e AG. O estudo teve limitações, sendo a principal delas o tamanho relativamente pequeno da amostra, composta principalmente por indivíduos saudáveis, embora em sua maioria idosos.

Frequency of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients Requiring GI Endoscopy in Seven Units in Three Antioquia Subregions

Aim: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori and sociodemographic factors, life habits, and personal and family history of gastroduodenal diseases in patients who required and were taken to GI endoscopy (symptomatic or by screening) in seven endoscopy units in three Antioquia subregions. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2018 included 272 participants. Sociodemographic factors, life habits, and personal and family history were related to H. pylori infection. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to establish the association between the variables, and multivariate analysis (binomial regression) was used to adjust the prevalence ratios of the associated factors. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The frequency of H. pylori infection was 55.9%, with differences by subregion (Valle de Aburrá metropolitan area: 54.3%, Oriente: 64%, and Urabá: 79.2%). Factors associated with H. pylori infection were male sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.52), age 18-55 years (APR = 1.62; CI 95% = 1.22-2.16), absence of drinking water (APR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.15-1.72) and educational level below university (APR = 1.73; 95% CI% = 1.26-2.38). Conclusion: The frequency of H. pylori was higher than in other recent studies because different diagnostic tests were used for its detection, and differences were found in the frequency of infection by region, which is explained by the heterogeneity in the populations analyzed. This study suggests the need to improve the population's living conditions to reduce H. pylori and direct measures of primary prevention of the infection, especially in family groups, men, individuals between 18 and 55 years old without drinking water, and with an educational level lower than university.

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de Helicobacter pylori y la presencia de factores sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida y antecedentes personales y familiares de enfermedades gastroduodenales en pacientes que requirieron y fueron llevados a endoscopia digestiva (sintomáticos o por tamización) en siete unidades de endoscopia de tres subregiones de Antioquia. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal realizado entre 2016 y 2018 que incluyó a 272 participantes. Los factores sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, antecedentes personales y familiares se relacionaron con la infección por H. pylori. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado para establecer la asociación entre las variables y el análisis multivariado (regresión binomial) para ajustar las razones de prevalencia de los factores asociados. Un valor p ≤ 0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: la frecuencia de infección por H. pylori fue de 55,9%, con diferencias por subregión (área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá: 54,3%, oriente: 64% y Urabá: 79,2%). Los factores asociados a la infección por H. pylori fueron sexo masculino (razón de prevalencia ajustada [RPA] = 1,26; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95% = 1,04-1,52), edad de 18-55 años (RPA = 1,62; IC 95% = 1,22-2,16), ausencia de agua potable (RPA = 1,40; IC 95%: 1,15-1,72) y nivel educativo inferior al universitario (RPA = 1,73; IC 95% = 1,26-2,38). Conclusión: la frecuencia de H. pylori fue mayor que en otros estudios recientes porque se emplearon diferentes pruebas diagnósticas para su detección y se demostraron diferencias en la frecuencia de la infección por región, lo cual se explica por la heterogeneidad en las poblaciones analizadas. Este estudio sugiere la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población para reducir la infección por H. pylori y dirigir medidas de prevención primaria de la infección especialmente en los grupos familiares, en hombres, individuos entre 18 y 55 años, sin agua potable y con un nivel educativo inferior al universitario.

Efetividade e segurança do regime de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino no tratamento de primeira linha para Helicobacter pylori / Efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin containing treatment regimen in first-line treatment of helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT Background: After eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) chronic gastritis will resolve, complications due to H. pylori infection and recurrence of infection will be prevented. Objective: To determine efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin containing treatment regimen in first line treatment of H. pylori with comparison to bismuth containing quadruple therapy. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care university hospital between January 2018 and January 2021 with 410 participants who were diagnosed to have H. pylori infection with biopsies obtained during upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. Patients were distributed into two groups according to their first-line treatment regimens. First group patients were treated with amoxicillin, gemifloxacin and pantoprazole and second group patients were treated with amoxicillin, metronidazole, bismuth subcitrate and pantoprazole for seven days. Results: Intention to treat and per protocol ratios for gemifloxacin containing regimen were 90.0% and 91.2%, while quadruple treatment has these ratios as 91.7% and 93.8% respectively. Treatment success rate in both regimens were similar. But adverse effects were lower and patient compliance were better in patients who had gemifloxacin containing treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion: Gemifloxacin containing treatment regimen is as effective as bismuth containing quadruple treatment regimen for H. pylori infection and patient compliance is better in this group. Gemifloxacin containing treatment regimens may be novel and effective alternatives for eradication of H. pylori infection.

RESUMO Contexto: Após a erradicação do Helicobacter pylori (HP), a gastrite crônica será resolvida, as complicações devido à infecção por HP e a recorrência da infecção serão prevenidas. Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia e segurança do regime de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino no tratamento de primeira linha do HP, em comparação com a terapia quádrupla contendo bismuto. Métodos: Este estudo prospectivo foi conduzido em um hospital universitário de atendimento terciário entre janeiro de 2018 e janeiro de 2021, com 410 participantes diagnosticados com infecção por HP, obtidos por meio de biópsias durante a endoscopia do sistema gastrointestinal superior. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com seus regimes de tratamento de primeira linha. Os pacientes do primeiro grupo foram tratados com amoxicilina, gemifloxacino e pantoprazol, e os pacientes do segundo grupo foram tratados com amoxicilina, metronidazol, subcitrato de bismuto e pantoprazol por 7 dias. Resultados: As taxas de intenção de tratar e por protocolo para o regime contendo gemifloxacino foram de 90,0% e 91,2%, enquanto o tratamento quádruplo apresentou essas taxas como 91,7% e 93,8%, respectivamente. A taxa de sucesso do tratamento em ambos os regimes foi similar. No entanto, os efeitos adversos foram menores e a adesão dos pacientes foi melhor nos que receberam o tratamento contendo gemifloxacino (P<0,001). Conclusão: O regime de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino é tão eficaz quanto o regime de tratamento quádruplo contendo bismuto para a infecção por HP, e a adesão dos pacientes é melhor neste grupo. Os regimes de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino podem ser alternativas novas e eficazes para a erradicação da infecção por HP.

Sistema OLGA (Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment) como marcador para cáncer gástrico y displasia en una población colombiana de alto riesgo: estudio multicéntrico

Introducción. En Asia y Europa, el sistema OLGA ha sido útil como marcador de riesgo de cáncer gástrico. Sin embargo, su utilidad en poblaciones de alto riesgo en Colombia aún se desconoce. Objetivo. Establecer si los estadios OLGA se asocian con un mayor riesgo de cáncer y displasia en una población de alto riesgo en Colombia y determinar la capacidad diagnóstica de la escala para evaluar dicho riesgo. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico con pacientes con cáncer gástrico y displasia (casos), y pacientes con atrofia y metaplasia intestinal (controles), provenientes de tres centros de una zona de alto riesgo de cáncer gástrico en Colombia. Se incluyeron 506 pacientes cuyo estudio endoscópico e histopatológico fue realizado mediante el sistema de Sydney y la estadificación de OLGA propuesta por Rugge. El efecto de cada variable de interés sobre la enfermedad (cáncer gástrico y displasia) se evaluó mediante modelos bivariados y multivariados. Un valor de p menor de 0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Los estadios elevados del sistema OLGA (III-IV) se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de displasia y cáncer gástrico (OR ajustado = 8,71; IC95 % = 5,09-14,9; p=0,001) con una sensibilidad del 54,9 %, especificidad del 89,3 % y una razón de probabilidad positiva de 5,17. Conclusiones. El estadio OLGA es un marcador de riesgo de cáncer gástrico y displasia en la población de estudio. Se recomienda su implementación como estrategia para optimizar el diagnóstico oportuno y el seguimiento de pacientes con mayor riesgo.

Introduction. The OLGA system has been proved to be useful in Asia and Europe as a risk marker of gastric cancer. However, its usefulness in high-risk populations in Colombia is still unknown. Objective. To assess potential associations between the OLGA staging system and an increased risk of gastric cancer and dysplasia in a high-risk Colombian population and to establish diagnostic capacity of the scale to assess the risk. Materials and methods. We carried out a multicenter study including patients with cancer and dysplasia (cases) and patients with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (controls). A total of 506 patients were recruited from three centers in an area with a high risk population in Colombia. The endoscopic and histopathologic studies were evaluated according to the Sydney system and the OLGA staging system proposed by Rugge. The effect of each variable on the disease (gastric cancer and dysplasia) was evaluated using bivariate and multivariate models. Statistical significance was set considering a p value inferior to 0.05. Results. Advanced stages of the OLGA system (III-IV) were associated with a higher risk of dysplasia and gastric cancer (adjusted OR = 8.71; CI95% = 5.09-14.9; p=0.001), sensitivity=54.9%, specificity=89.3% and positive likelihood ratio=5.17. Conclusions. The OLGA staging system is a risk marker for gastric cancer and dysplasia in the studied population. We recommend its implementation to improve the timely diagnosis and follow-up of patients with the highest cancer risk.

Genotipos de virulencia de Helicobacter pylori y su asociación con lesiones precursoras de malignidad gástrica y parámetros histológicos en pacientes colombianos / Helicobacter pylori virulence genotypes and their relationship with precursor lesions of gastric malignancy and histological parameters in infected patients in Colombia

Se determinó la presencia de los genotipos de virulencia de Helicobacter pylori y su asociación con las lesiones precursoras de malignidad gástrica y parámetros histológicos en pacientes con síntomas de dispepsia del suroccidente de Colombia. Se realizó reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) para la caracterización genética de vacA, cagA, babA2 y sabA. Se empleó la prueba de chi cuadrado o Fischer para evaluar la asociación de cada genotipo sobre el desenlace clínico. En los pacientes con lesiones precursoras de malignidad gástrica se encontró que el 86,3% presentaron el genotipo vacA s1/m1, el 68,1% cagA+ y los genotipos babA2+ y sabA+ con el 68,8% y 55,8%, respectivamente. También, se demostró la asociación entre los genotipos de virulencia y el grado severo de infiltración de células polimorfonucleares. Además, se encontró una asociación entre la combinación de los genes vacA/cagA, vacA/sabA y babA2/sabA. Este estudio proporciona evidencia acerca de la asociación de los genotipos de virulencia del H. pylori y la inflamación gástrica en pacientes infectados.

The aim of this research was to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori virulence genotypes and their association with precursor lesions of gastric malignancy and histological parameters in patients with dyspepsia symptoms in southwestern Colombia. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the genetic characterization of vacA, cagA, babA2 and sabA. The chi-square or Fischer test were used to evaluate the association between each genotype and the clinical outcome. We found that 86.3% of the patients with precursor lesions of gastric malignancy presented the vacA s1/m1 genotype, 68.1% had the cagA+ genotype and 68.8% and 55.8% had the babA2+ and sabA+ genotypes, respectively. Our results show association between virulence genotypes and severe degree of polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. In addition, we found an association between the combination of vacA/cagA, vacA/sabA and babA2/sabA genes. This study provides evidence about the association of H. pylori virulence genotypes and gastric inflammation in infected patients.

Helicobacter pylori e as doenças hepatobiliares: atualização 2023 / Helicobacter and hepatobiliary diseases: update 2023

ABSTRACT Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main infectious causes of gastroduodenal diseases, however, its role in developing different extragastric diseases has been proven. The possible involvement of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, skin, and hepatobiliary diseases is suggested. The bacterium has been found in tissue samples from the liver, biliary tract, and gallstones of animals and humans. However, the role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of liver and biliary diseases has not been finally established. The histopathological confirmation of the positive effect of H. pylori eradication is needed. In addition, there are discussions on the clinical significance of other Helicobacter species. The review presents the data available for and against the involvement of H. pylori in hepatobi­liary disease development and progression.

RESUMO Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) é uma das principais causas infecciosas de doenças gastroduodenais, no entanto, seu papel no desenvolvimento de diferentes doenças extragástricas tem sido comprovado. Sugere-se o possível envolvimento do H. pylori na patogênese de doenças cardiovasculares, metabólicas, neurodegenerativas, cutâneas e hepatobiliares. A bactéria tem sido encontrada em amostras de tecido do fígado, trato biliar e cálculos biliares de animais e humanos. No entanto, o papel da infecção por H. pylori na patogênese de doenças do fígado e das vias biliares ainda não foi estabelecido definitivamente. A confirmação histopatológica do efeito positivo da erradicação do H. pylori é necessária. Além disso, existem discussões sobre a importância clínica de outras espécies de Helicobacter. A revisão apresenta os dados disponíveis a favor e contra o envolvimento do H. pylori no desenvolvimento e progressão das doenças hepatobiliares.

Helicobacter pylori: Microorganismo patógeno o mutualista en poblaciones colombianas / Helicobacter pylori: Pathogenic or mutualistic microorganism in Colombian populations / Helicobacter pylori: microrganismo patógeno ou mutualista em populações Colombianas

Introducción: El riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico varía entre continentes, países y regiones. A pesar de que existe una alta prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori su rol como patógeno o mutualista define el riesgo de cáncer gástrico en las regiones de Colombia. Objetivo: Discutir el rol de Helicobacter pylori en el riesgo de cáncer gástrico en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Revisión de literatura mediante la búsqueda, en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, PubMed. Resultados: La coevolución del humano y de Helicobacter pylori; la virulencia de genes cagA, vacA; el tipo de respuesta inmune inflamatoria a Helicobacter pylori (Th1) o antinflamatoria (Th2) y la susceptibilidad humana a cáncer gástrico (IL1β, IL10), junto a la dieta y factores ambientales explican el papel de Helicobacter pylori como patógeno o mutualista asociado al riesgo de cáncer gástrico en Colombia. Conclusiones: Helicobacter pylori tiene un rol mutualista principalmente en poblaciones de bajo riesgo de cáncer gástrico (costas), no obstante, en poblaciones con alto riesgo de cáncer gástrico (andes), su papel como patógeno amerita la erradicación; única estrategia para mitigar la alta incidencia de este cáncer en Colombia.

Introduction: The risk to develop gastric cancer varies between continents, countries and regions. Although there is a high prevalence of Helicobater pylori, its role as either pathogen or mutualistic bacteria defines the risk of gastric cancer in Colombian regions. Objective: To discuss the role of Helicobacter pylori in the risk of gastric cancer in Colombia. Materials and methods: A literature review based on searching LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed databases. Results: Helicobacter pylori role as either a pathogen or mutualistic microorganism associated with gastric cancer risk in Colombia can be explained by analyzing elements such as: human and Helicobacter pylori coevolution; cagA and vacA gene virulence; inflammatory (Th1) or anti-inflammatory (Th2) responses induced by Helicobacter pylori; human susceptibility to gastric cancer (IL1β, IL10); diet; and environmental factors. Conclusions: Even though Helicobacter pylori has a mutualistic role in populations at low gastric cancer risk (coastal regions), its role as a pathogen in populations at higher risk (Andean regions) justifies its eradication as a key strategy to mitigate the incidence of this cancer in Colombia.

Introdução: O risco de desenvolver câncer gástrico varia entre continentes, países e regiões. Embora haja uma alta prevalência de Helicobacter pylori, seu papel como patógeno ou mutualista define o risco de câncer gástrico nas regiões da Colômbia. Objetivo: Discutir o papel do Helicobacter pylori no risco de câncer gástrico na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Revisão da literatura por meio da busca, nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed. Resultados: A coevolução de humanos e Helicobacter pylori; a virulência dos genes cagA, vacA; o tipo de resposta imune inflamatória ao Helicobacter pylori (Th1) ou anti-inflamatório (Th2) e a suscetibilidade humana ao câncer gástrico (IL1β, IL10), juntamente com a dieta e fatores ambientais explicam o papel do Helicobacter pylori como patógeno ou mutualista associado ao risco de câncer gástrico na Colômbia. Conclusões: Helicobacter pylori tem um papel mutualista principalmente em populações de baixo risco de câncer gástrico (litoral), porém, em populações com alto risco de câncer gástrico (andes), seu papel como patógeno justifica a erradicação; única estratégia para mitigar a alta incidência deste câncer na Colômbia.

Tratamiento cuádruple con doxiciclina, furazolidona, bismuto e inhibidor de bomba de protones sigue siendo efectivo frente al Helicobacter pylori en nuestra población

Nuestro objetivo es determinar si el tratamiento para Helicobacter pylori (HP) con doxiciclina, furazolidona, bismuto y un inhibidor de bomba de protones mantiene su efectividad en nuestra población. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, no aleatorio, realizado en una clínica privada de Lima, Perú. Se obtuvo la información de la historia clínica digital. Se incluyó a pacientes con el diagnóstico de infección por HP por biopsia y/o test rápido de la ureasa, obtenidos al realizar una endoscopía entre enero 2017 a octubre 2022. Debían haber recibido el tratamiento cuádruple en estudio o un esquema triple alternativo con amoxicilina, levofloxacino e inhibidor de bomba de protones y tener una prueba de aliento para HP en el lapso de 1 a 6 meses después del tratamiento. El esquema cuádruple con furazolidona logró la erradicación en 117/122 casos (95,9%) mientras que el triple con levofloxacino en 5/16 (31,2%) cuando se usó por 7 dias y en 22/38 (57,9%) cuando se usó por 10 días, siendo las diferencias altamente significativas (p>0,001). En conclusión, el tratamiento cuádruple con furazolidona mostró alta efectividad, mientras que el triple con levofloxacino no alcanzó niveles aceptables.

Our objective is to determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic regimen for helicobacter pylori that includes a proton pump inhibitor, doxycycline, furazolidone and bismuth in our location. We carried out a retrospective study, non-randomized, in a private hospital in Lima, Peru. Patients with biopsy and/or rapid urease test proven helicobacter pylori infection after an endoscopy, from January 2017 to October 2022 were included. They received the therapeutic regimen of the study or an alternative triple regimen with a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and levofloxacin and were followed with a urea breath test within 1 to 6 months upon completion of therapy. The quadruple therapy with furazolidone obtained success in 117/122 cases (95.9%) while the triple therapy with levofloxacin only in 5/16 (31.2%) when used for 7 days and 22/38 (57.9%) when used for 10 days, a statistically significant difference with p<0.001. Conclusion: Quadruple therapy with furazolidone reached high effectiveness in our location, while triple therapy with levofloxacin was not an acceptable alternative.

Helicobacter pylori infection: A balance between bacteria and host / Helicobacter pylori: un balance entre bacterias y huésped

Abstract In Argentina, despite the important studies conducted on the prevalence of infection and the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori, there are no reports simultaneously analyzing a profile of virulence factors of the bacterium and polymorphisms in cytokine genes in patients with different alterations in the gastric mucosa (including intestinal metaplasia, IM). Our aim was to evaluate H. pylori genotypes in 132 adult patients with chronic gastritis presenting three different histological findings (inactive chronic gastritis, active chronic gastritis IM( and active chronic gastritis IM+) along with SNP-174 G>C in the IL-6 gene. cagA, vacA and babA2 genes were analyzed by multiplex PCR. The -174 G>C SNP IL-6 gene was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Patients with active chronic gastritis IM+ showed the highest proportion of the cagA(+)/IL-6GG, cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/IL-6GG and cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/babA2(+)/IL-6GG combinations (p<0.05). There was 4-5 times greater probability of finding patients presenting the GG genotype for SNP-174 G>C IL-6, which in turn were infected with the most virulent H. pylori genotypes -cagA(+), cagA(+)/vacAm1s1 and cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/babA2- in the ACGIM+ group in comparison to the ICG group. Our results provide regional data to the idea that the transition towards severe alterations in the gastric mucosa would be the result of a balance between specific factors of H. pylori and inherent host factors. This fact can be useful to identify patients at greater risk and to select those individuals requiring appropriate eradication treatment to prevent progression to gastric cancer.

Resumen En Argentina, a pesar de los importantes estudios realizados sobre la prevalencia de infección y la resistencia a antibióticos de Helicobacter pylori, no existen reportes que analicen simultáneamente un perfil de factores de virulencia de la bacteria y polimorfismos en genes de citoquinas en pacientes con diferentes alteraciones en la mucosa gástrica (incluida la metaplasia intestinal [MI]). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar genotipos de H. pylori en 132 pacientes adultos con gastritis crónica, con tres diferentes hallazgos histológicos (gastritis crónica inactiva [GCI], gastritis crónica activa [MI(] y gastritis crónica activa [MI+]), junto con el SNP-174 G>C en el gen de IL- 6. Los genes cagA, vacA y babA2 se analizaron mediante PCR multiplex. El SNP-174 G>C IL-6 se analizó mediante PCR-RFLP. Los pacientes con gastritis crónica activa MI+ mostraron la mayor proporción de combinaciones cagA(+)/IL-6GG, cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/IL-6GG y cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/babA2(+)/IL-6GG (p<0,05). Hubo 4-5 veces mayor probabilidad de encontrar pacientes con el genotipo GG en SNP-174 G>C IL-6 y a su vez infectados con los genotipos más virulentos de H. pylori-cagA(+), cagA(+)/vacAm1s1 y cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/babA2-en el grupo gastritis crónica activa MI+ en comparación con el grupo GCI. Nuestros resultados aportan datos regionales a la idea de que la transición hacia alteraciones más graves en la mucosa gástrica resultaría de un equilibrio entre factores específicos de H. pylori y factores inherentes al huésped. Esto puede ser útil para identificar pacientes con mayor riesgo y seleccionar aquellos individuos que requieran un apropiado tratamiento de erradicación para prevenir la progresión al cáncer gástrico.

Tratamiento de primera línea para erradicación de Helicobacter pylori: todavía una terapia eficaz / First-line treatment for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: Still an effective therapy

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal determinar la respuesta al esquema de tratamiento de primera línea con triple terapia estándar (amoxicilina, claritromicina, omeprazol), para erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en una determinada población, para determinar si este esquema propuesto en guías internacionales es aún una opción adecuada para pacientes en una determinada región de Costa Rica. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en el servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital San Francisco de Asís, Grecia, Alajuela, Costa Rica; de todos los pacientes con infección por Helicobacter pylori y que recibieron tratamiento de primera línea con triple terapia (amoxicilina, claritromicina y omeprazol) por 14 días, en el periodo comprendido entre febrero 2017 a febrero 2019, incluyendo para el análisis solamente en los que se contaba con una prueba confirmatoria posterior a tratamiento, ya fuera por antígeno fecal de H. pylori o biopsia convencional. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 369 casos. El diagnóstico se realizó con biopsia en el 96,4% de los pacientes. La respuesta al tratamiento de primera línea se alcanzó en un 90.5% corroborada por antígeno fecal en el 92.1% de los casos. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que la terapia triple con amoxicilina, claritromicina e Inhibidor de bomba de protones por 14 días mantiene un adecuado nivel de eficacia. Sin embargo, hay que tomar en cuenta que estos datos son únicamente de un área de atracción determinada y puede que no reflejen la realidad de todo el país.

Abstract Aim: The main objective of this study is to determine the response to the firstline treatment regimen with triple standard therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, omeprazole), to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in a certain population. The goal is to determine if the proposed regimen in international guidelines services is still a suitable option for patients in a certain region of Costa Rica. Methods: The study took place in San Francisco de Asís Hospital, Grecia, Alajuela, Costa Rica. All patients with a Helicobacter pylori infection that were given first- line treatment with triple therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole) for its eradication for 14 days, in the period between February of 2017 and February of 2019, were included in the study. Results: A total of 369 cases were identified. The diagnosis was made with biopsy in 96.4% of patients. Response to first-line treatment was achieved in 90.5% corroborated by fecal antigen in 92.1% of all cases. Conclusions: This study shows that triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for 14 days maintains an adequate level of efficacy. However, it must be considered that these results are from a specific area and may not reflect the reality of the entire country.

Incidence and management of acid peptic disorders in sickle cell disease patients in Western Odisha

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic hemolytic disorder characterized by the presence of crescent-shaped red blood cells. Abdominal pain is the common presenting symptom in adults with SCD. Among the patients who are not in crisis, it is estimated that one third of patients with homozygous SCD with chronic recurrent epigastric pain has endoscopic evidence of peptic ulcer disease. Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken with an aim to analyze the incidence and management of acid peptic disorders among SCD patients in Western Odisha. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was done considering 88 homozygous SCD patients. All the patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) with gastric antral biopsy and rapid urease test (RUT). Cases with Helicobacter pylori were administered a 14 days course of three drug regimen of anti H. pylori drugs and followed-up to 6 weeks of beginning the treatment with repeat UGIE and RUT. Results: Out of 88 cases, 19 cases had duodenal ulcer (21.6%) which was significantly high than patients with gastric ulcer (13.6%). Other findings were gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastritis. About 93.5% of patients became RUT negative after taking anti H. pylori medication. Conclusion: SCD patients with acid peptic disorder constitute a sizeable proportion of patients attending surgical outpatient department and indoor department of surgery. Conservative treatment with life style modification can effectively improve the symptoms of acid peptic disease.

Efeito do aconselhamento farmacêutico na adesão à medicação do paciente e na erradicação do Helicobacter Pylori em pacientes ambulatoriais jordanianos / Effect of pharmacist counseling on patient medication compliance and helicobacter pylori eradication among jordanian outpatients

ABSTRACT Background: To examine the impact of pharmacist counseling and follow-up on patient's medication compliance and Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) eradication and evaluate the efficiency of an eradication regimen consisting of Clarithromycin 500 mg, Amoxicillin 1 g, and Lansoprazole 30 mg, twice daily for 14 days. Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing endoscopy and positive rapid urease tests were included in the present study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group (n=100) and a control group (n=100). The intervention patients obtained their medications from the hospital pharmacist and received sufficient counseling and follow-up. On the other hand, the control patients received their medications from another hospital pharmacist and went through the routine hospital procedure without good counseling and follow-up. Results: The intervention resulted in a statistically significant improvement in outpatient compliance with medication (45.0% vs 27.5%; P<0.05) and eradication of H. pylori (28.5% vs 42.5%; P<0.05) among those patients. Conclusion: This study reflects the importance of pharmacist counseling and patient compliance to medication, as the patients who received pharmacist counseling exhibited perfect compliance to medication, which led to the successful eradication of H. pylori.

RESUMO Contexto: Analisar o impacto do aconselhamento e acompanhamento farmacêutico na adesão medicamentosa do paciente e na erradicação do Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) e avaliar a eficiência de um regime de erradicação composto por Claritromicina 500 mg, Amoxicilina 1 g e Lansoprazol 30 mg, duas vezes ao dia por 14 dias. Métodos Duzentos pacientes submetidos à endoscopia e testes rápidos de urease positivos foram incluídos no presente estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: um grupo intervenção (n=100) e um grupo controle (n=100). Os pacientes de intervenção obtiveram seus medicamentos do farmacêutico do hospital e receberam aconselhamento e acompanhamento suficientes. Por outro lado, os pacientes do grupo controle receberam seus medicamentos de outro farmacêutico hospitalar e passaram pelo procedimento hospitalar de rotina sem um bom aconselhamento e acompanhamento. Resultados: A intervenção do farmacêutico resultou em melhora estatisticamente significativa na adesão ambulatorial à medicação (45,0% vs 27,5%; P<0,05) e na erradicação de H. pylori (28,5% vs 42,5%; P<0,05) entre esses pacientes. Conclusão Este estudo reflete a importância do aconselhamento farmacêutico e da adesão do paciente à medicação, uma vez que os pacientes que receberam aconselhamento farmacêutico apresentaram perfeita adesão à medicação, o que levou à erradicação bem-sucedida da H. pylori.

A infecção por Helicobacter pylori e o resultado de seu tratamento de erradicação influenciam a perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após o bypass gástrico em Y de Roux? Um estudo de coorte histórica / Do helicobacter pylori infection and eradication therapy status influence weight loss outcomes and endoscopic findings after roux-en-y gastric bypass?a historical cohort study

ABSTRACT Background: Currently, there is conflicting evidence linking Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection with weight loss and endoscopic findings after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Objective: To identify correlations between HP infection and its eradication with weight loss and endoscopic findings after RYGB. Methods: This is an observational retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database of individuals who underwent RYGB from 2018-2019 at a tertiary university hospital. HP infection and the HP eradication therapy outcomes were correlated with post-operative weight loss and endoscopic findings. Individuals were classified according to the status of HP infection into four groups: no infection; successful eradication; refractory infection; and new-onset infection. Results: Of 65 individuals, 87% were female and the mean age was 39±11.2 years. Body mass index significantly decreased from 36.2±3.6 to 26.7±3.3 kg/m2 one year after RYGB (P<0.0001). The percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 25.9±7.2% and the percentage of excess weight loss was 89.4±31.7%. HP infection prevalence decreased from 55.4% to 27.7% (p=0.001); 33.8% never had HP infection, 38.5% were successfully treated, 16.9% had refractory infection and 10.8 % had new-onset HP infection. %TWL was 27.3±7.5% in individuals who never had HP, 25.4±8.1% in the successfully treated, 25.7±5.2% in those with refractory infection, and 23.4±6.4% in the new-onset HP infection group; there were no significant differences among the four groups (P=0.6). Pre-operative HP infection significantly associated with gastritis (P=0.048). New-onset HP infections significantly associated with a lower frequency of jejunal erosions after surgery (P=0.048). Conclusion: No effects of the HP infection on weight loss were identified in individuals undergoing RYGB. A higher prevalence of gastritis was observed in individuals with HP infection before RYGB. New-onset HP infection after RYGB was a protective factor for jejunal erosions.

RESUMO Contexto: Há evidências conflitantes na literatura atual ligando a infecção por Helicobacter pylori (HP) com a perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após o bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR). Objetivo: Identificar correlações entre infecção por Helicobacter pylori HP e seu tratamento de erradicação com perda de peso e achados endoscópicos após BGYR. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional de coorte histórica, baseado em um banco de dados coletados prospectivamente de indivíduos submetidos ao BGYR de 2018 a 2019 em um hospital terciário universitário. A infecção pelo HP e os resultados da terapia de erradicação do HP foram correlacionados com a perda de peso pós-operatória e os achados endoscópicos. Os indivíduos foram classificados de acordo com o status de infecção pelo HP em quatro grupos: ausência de infecção; erradicação bem-sucedida; infecção refratária; e infecção nova. Resultados: Dos 65 indivíduos, 87% eram do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 39±11,2 anos. O índice de massa corporal diminuiu significativamente de 36,2±3,6 para 26,7±3,3 kg/m2 um ano após BGYR (P<0,0001). O percentual de perda de peso foi 25,9±7,2% e o percentual de perda do excesso de peso foi 89,4±31,7%. A prevalência de infecção por HP diminuiu de 55,4% para 27,7% após a cirurgia (P=0,001); 33,8% nunca tiveram infecção por HP, 38,5% tiveram um tratamento bem-sucedido, 16,9% tiveram infecção refratária e 10,8% tiveram nova infecção por HP. Infecção pré-operatória por HP associou-se significativamente à presença de gastrite (P=0,048). Infecções por HP de início recente associaram-se significativamente com menor frequência de erosões jejunais após a cirurgia (P=0,048). Conclusão: Não foram identificados efeitos da infecção por HP na perda de peso em indivíduos submetidos ao BGYR. Maior prevalência de gastrite foi observada em indivíduos com infecção por HP antes da cirurgia. A infecção por HP de início recente após BGYR foi um fator protetor para erosões jejunais.

Impact of helicobacter pylori on early postoperative complications after sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Impacto do helicobacter pylori em complicações precoces após a gastrectomia vertical: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

ABSTRACT The impact of Helicobacter pylori (HP) on postoperative outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is still controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the incidence of early complications after SG between HP-positive and HP-negative patients. Eight retrospective comparative studies were included, comprising 4,877 individuals. The prevalence of HP infection in gastric resected specimens ranged from 7.77 to 43.20%. There were no statistically significant differences between groups for overall complications (OR 1.46; 95%CI 0.95-2.23; p=0.08), bleeding (OR 1.35; 95%CI 0.70-2.60; p=0.38), and leak (OR 1.74; 95%CI 0.80-3.81; p=0.17) rates. The need for routine screening and treatment of HP infection before SG remains ambiguous.

RESUMO O impacto do Helicobacter pylori (HP) nos desfechos pós-operatórios da Gastrectomia Vertical (GV) ainda é controverso. Uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise foram realizadas para comparar a incidência de complicações pós-operatórias depois da GV entre pacientes HP-positivo e HP-negativo. Oito estudos comparativos retrospectivos foram incluídos, englobando 4.877 indivíduos. A prevalência de infecção por HPnos espécimes gástricos ressecados variou de 7,77 a 43,20%. Não houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos para complicações gerais (OR 1,46; IC95% 0,95-2,23; p=0,08), sangramento (OR 1,35; IC95% 0,70-2,60; p=0,38), e fístula (OR 1,74; IC95% 0,80-3,81; p=0,17). A necessidade de rastreio e erradicação rotineira do HP antes da GV permanece ambígua.